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Home » Magnetic Metals
Take a deep dive into the mind-boggling world of metals that defy gravity and cling like crazy. The ones that make your fridge door such a useful storage area for notepads, pictures and postcards. From their many different traits to the endless number of applications they have in new-age technology and machines, be prepared to unlock secrets you didn’t even know existed!
A: Iron, cobalt, and nickel are commonly known magnetic metals. Their alloys have the same properties as well. These are so-called ferromagnetic metals that can hold a magnetic field. Gadolinium and Dysprosium also have these properties in certain conditions. Materials like these stick to magnets and become magnets themselves.
A: Metal becomes a magnet when the magnetic domains of the material all align in one direction. This happens naturally sometimes, like it does with ferromagnetic materials. But in other instances, an external source needs to influence it, such as putting a metal into a powerful magnetic field or jiggling it around by physical means. Once aligned, the domains create a single unified magnetic field.
A: No, not every type of stainless steel is magnetic. Whether or not stainless steel is magnetic depends on its structure and composition. Austenitic stainless steels with grades 304 and 316 are generally non-magnetic or weakly magnetic at best. However, ferritic and martensitic ones—like 430 and 410—have both attracted iron filings at various times.
A: Nonmagnetic metals themselves cannot attract ferromagnetic mates because they don't produce their own magnetism. Under some conditions though some nonmagnetic metals will show paramagnetism where they’re only weakly drawn towards magnets but won’t retain any magnetism once separated from an external field.. However, you might be able to sic them together if you use an intermediary magnet or strong external force to make one temporarily have some sort of magnetization.
A: The essential difference between these two types of metal lies in how strongly and permanently they’re attracted to magnets. Ferromagnetic metals (iron, cobalt, and nickel) have strong magnetic properties and can become permanent magnets. Paramagnetic metals (aluminum, magnesium) on the other hand are only weakly attracted to a magnet’s pull in the first place and will lose any magnetism they receive as soon as you turn off the external field.
A: Detecting metals that are not magnetic is possible, without relying on magnets. A few common methods include X-ray fluorescence (XRF), eddy current testing, and ultrasonic testing. They can determine what kind of metal something is made of based on how conductive it is or its density, rather than how it interacts with a magnet.
A: Yes, there are a few ways for magnetic metals to lose their magnetism. If they’re heated up enough, the random motion of particles inside them can disrupt the alignment of domains that give the material its magnetic field. Shock and corrosion can also cause the domains to become misaligned. And if you repeatedly put a magnetized piece of metal in a strong magnetic field in one direction and then the other, it will slowly demagnetize over time.
A: The motion of electrons within a metal generates its magnetic field. These moving charges create tiny loops called dipoles that act as individual magnets themselves. When most or all dipoles in a sample line up in the same direction, they combine to make one big net dipole pointing in that same direction—and make the whole material magnetic.
A: No, neither gold nor silver are considered “magnetic” metals in the sense that most people think of them. They don’t have an attraction for magnets like steel does—though both would feel a very weak repulsion from either pole of such a magnet were you to hold one close enough to them. Instead, they’re classified as diamagnetic materials because they respond weakly to all parts of any external magnetic field and tend to be pushed away by them.
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