Understanding material selection in 3D printing is more than critical- it defines the end product’s quality, strength, and intended function. Regarding the most commonly used materials in the industry, two names stand out: resin and PLA. Both, however, are relatively different and lend themselves to unique applications. But which one tends to be stronger? This is often the subject of debate among enthusiasts and professionals. By contrast, in this article, we shall discuss the strengths, mechanical properties, and use of these two materials to allow for a cohesive decision to be made. So, whether your end goal lies in seeking excessive detail or supreme structural strength, the evaluation provided within will certainly showcase the difference in the materials for the required needs. We will examine the science, benefits, and cost of resin and PLA in the context of 3D printing.
Resin or PLA – which one is best for 3D printing?
A Primer to Resin and Filament 3D Printing Techniques
Filament 3D printing, or FDM/fused deposit modeling, involves melting and shredding thermoplastic materials such as PLA or Polylactic Acid layer by layer to create parts in a 3D volume. This technique is best for applications requiring durable parts with good dimensional stability and is known to be cost-effective and easy to use.
In comparison, 3D printing with resin employs SLA(Stereolithography) and other methods. These use photopolymers in liquid form, which are meticulously cured by laser light or UV lamps. 3D resin printing is best suited for making detailed models with a shiny surface texture, making it a tool of choice in multi-layered, complex designs and projects that require a lot of detail.
Both techniques are proficient in their respective fields. While filament printing is cheaper and has a low level of complexity, resin printing is comparatively more expensive and requires an expert-level fine level of detailing.
Fundamental Characteristics of PLA and Resin
Fabrication-grade PLA (Polylactic Acid) is the most prevalent filament material in the industry. It has a low barrier to entry when it comes to handling and is quite forgiving on issues such as warping, making it ideal for entry-level users. Low-temperature settings can also be employed, further broadening its appeal. However, its durability is relatively low, and its heat resistance is negligible compared to other materials.
Resin prints offer unparalleled surface detailing because of their liquid state before curing. Using heat and curing liquid allows for extremely intricate details to be printed and applications that are far more specialized. The downside to the material is its brittleness, and the extra steps in post-processing, such as washing or sealing the print, add unnecessary lengths to the workflow.
What Impact Has 3D Printer Technology Had?
Within its establishment, 3D printer technology has had a massive impact on traditional manufacturing processes by allowing one-off designs to be printed in bulk, made in a custom shape, or produced promptly. It encourages engineers to build complex items that would otherwise be impossible to design by hand, thus leading to further innovation throughout various sectors such as the healthcare industry, automotive technology, or Aerodynamics. Additionally, because 3D printing allows for the creation of an object part by part, material wastage is significantly reduced, allowing it to be seen as a more sustainable method. Moreover, this form of technology also increased the degree of affordability experienced by various businesses and individuals wanting to bring their ideas to life.
What are the Differences between Resin 3D Printing and Filament 3D Printing?
Comparison of FDM and Resin Printing
FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) and SLA resin 3D printers accomplish their tasks, but efficiency is application-dependent. FDM printers are affordable, easy to find, and very simple to operate, making them perfect for creating prototypes, functional components, and other thermoplastic projects that use PLA, ABS, and PETG. These materials are robust and ideal for large functional models. In addition, FDM allows easy and affordable fabrications of lightweight structures.
On the other hand, resin 3D printing can create parts with great detail and extreme accuracy, which makes it ideal for jewelry designs, dental models, miniatures, and other intricate geometries. This is made possible through photopolymer resin, which has great resolution and is suitable for industries that wish for the perfect look and dimensions. Furthermore, the latest resins have properties that allow detailed and sturdy components to be produced.
By employing both techniques, users can optimize the production process according to their requirements in terms of cost, detail, and performance.
Tensile Strength and Impact Strength Explained
The tensile strength can be defined as the maximum tensile force (pulling) exerted on a material that would cause it to fail. When printing an object, tensile strength is a critical property to ask for whenever the printed object is believed to experience stretching or pulling forces. For instance, load-bearing components or parts exposed to mechanical force will require materials with high tensile strength to impact them.
Impact Strength, however, gauges a material’s resistance and energy-losing capability of a material due to sudden or vigorous force. It is utilized in applications that demand material to endure shock or sudden force, such as protective gears and parts of an automobile.
Also, their harmonization in material selection is pretty necessary as some areas of the application may use them so that one property is more emphasized than the other.
Typical Uses of Resin and PLA
The resin is broadly utilized in applications that require high levels of accuracy and detail, such as PLA, 3D-printed prototypes, dental models, and jewelry making. Its smooth, environmentally friendly surface finish and its ability to produce intricate features make it the most favorable material in the healthcare, engineering, and fine arts industries.
Functional prototypes, packaging materials, and consumer goods are commonly developed using PLA. Thanks to its advantages, such as usability and ecologically friendly and effective mechanical properties, it is widely used in education, at the beginning stages of product development, and for green technologies.
Which 3D Printer is Better: Resin or Filament?
Factors You Should Keep in Mind When Choosing a 3D Printer
Several important parameters must be considered when selecting resin and filament 3D printers depending on particular requirements.
- Quality of Print and Resolution. Resin printers exhibit better precision and smooth finishes, making them suitable for more intricate models like custom jewelry, dental work, and even dollhouse accessories. On the other hand, while still producing satisfactory outcomes, filament printers are better suited to more casual or structural objects that don’t demand that level of surface coating.
- Material Options and Requirements. With filament printers, different materials can be used: PLA, ABS, PETG, and certain flexible filaments, therefore giving it a wider range of functional and mechanical parts. On the other hand, resin printers make use of photopolymer resin, albeit providing great detail and precision; there does exist a little more complexity and more careful post-handling than the chemical components.
- How Easy is It to Use? While a resin printer requires a more advanced skill set to control resin material, clean after production, and implement proper safety standards, filament printers seem as easy as pie. Thus, they are highly recommended as an optimal starter for beginners, as their usage only requires simple instructions and is cheap.
- Financial means and availability. Resin printers’ consumables are generally more expensive than filament printers owing to the general cost of resin and other premade post-processing equipment, such as curing stations. However, FDM printers are usually the cheapest when considering the purchase and availability of the filament.
- Intended Use and Functionality. The working requirements of 3D printers should influence the choice of 3D printers. If the application involves prototyping, teaching, or functional parts, then a filament printer will best serve the purpose as it is productive and very flexible. However, resin printers are the best option for applications that involve artwork or a high-quality end product since they can produce high-precision and high-definition images.
These variables will assist in comparing and selecting the most effective technology for the application, considering quality, price, and user-friendliness.
Performance Differences: Resin and Filament
In a performance evaluation, resin printers stand out from filament printers as they have a smooth surface and can effortlessly create intricate and highly detailed models, turning them into artistic creations or more precision. On the downside, their post-production processes require extensive cleaning and don’t allow for regulation of the cure, as resin printers tend to print at slow speeds.
Now, filament printers focus more on the efficiency and speed of the 3D printer while they are also considered very easy to use. Primarily, they are better suited for durable models and function lengthy prototypes but are not shelf-able as they don’t have the fine detailing of a resin 3D printer. But they are made up for it by Shaping with mechanical properties alongside various plastics, including PLA, PETG, and ABS.
In summary, selecting the resin and filament printer depends on the project’s requirements, such as the balance between detail, strength, and efficiency.
Cost Analysis: Comparing the Cost of a Resin and a Filament 3D Printer
Whistle while you work as the resale 3D printers are always expensive to buy compared to other brands such as the PLA. This causes them to have high production costs when analyzing the cost. In extension we can see that entry level filament printers start at $200 to $500 while for a mid-range model it can go over a $1000 for the quality of build volume and the resolution. In contrast to filament printers, resin printers can be more expensive, using Chicago-style filament that ends the range from 150$ to 1000$.
The cost of filament ranges between $20 and $50 per kilogram. At the same time, printer maintenance is not extensive compared to resin printers, known for their detailing and precision. However, resin printers are more expensive, ranging from $30 to $80 per liter. They also require post-processing materials like isopropyl alcohol and UV curing stations, thus making filament printers the more budget-friendly option.
What are the Limitations of Resin and PLA?
3D Printing With Resistance
3D printing with resistance can be hazardous. The first type of technology involves the use of resin. It is normally associated with skin irritation, requiring the individual to wear protective clothing and gloves while ventilating the room. Alcohol usually acts as a cleaner for the resin print after the work has been done, but alcohol does not work well with water, which makes the entire process tedious and time-consuming. Additionally, a handful of wasted resources must be dealt with when SLA resin is not completely cured, and all of this must be thrown away by adhering to local guidelines. The utility of 3D resin printing is limited compared to printing with filament-based devices.
Concerns in Using PLA Filament
Most people prefer PLA as a 3D printing filament due to its non-toxic nature and easy-to-use features, but it does have some shortcomings. PLA has low tensile strength and is low in elasticity, which makes it inappropriate for applications that require a high impact resistance. Secondly, the heat resistance capacity is low, where it starts to soften at around 60°C, which makes the filament impractical for high-temperature applications. Moreover, if PLA is not used in a dry environment, it tends to degrade over time due to dampness and UV light exposure, thus diminishing its longevity for outdoor use. Lastly, even though PLA composts easily in an industrial setup, it does not biodegrade easily due to the natural biopolymers, which inevitably makes waste management problematic.
Environmental Impacts of PLA and Resin
Many factors need to be isolated and examined in depth so that analysts can understand the PLA’s usage and disposal, including the production stage. Due to its components derived from sugar cane or cornstarch, PLA can be roughly defined as a bioplastic more environmentally friendly than oil-based plastics. However, because the voluntariness of environments to industrial composting facilities is rare, this limits PLA’s biodegrading capabilities, meaning it goes into a landfill where it takes longer to decompose. Lastly, just like the other variants of plastics, the agricultural methods to produce these materials impact the carbon footprint and land usage.
In contrast, photopolymer resin in 3D printing creates severe environmental issues. Since resin is a manmade synthetic substance, it does not decompose or recycle easily. Its production consumes non-renewable resources, and improper disposal of filament-type materials can result in pollution. Liquid resin, when improperly handled, can be fatal to the environment. As a whole, both materials have certain obstacles to true sustainability; however, PLA tends to be less harmful to the environment than resin.
Resin and PLA: Can They Be Used Together?
Resin & Filament: The Perfect Combo in Projects
It is possible to combine resin and filament, such as PLA, which allows mixing functional and decorative elements of 3D-printed objects. This technique typically employs a two-part approach where larger elements are built up from a PLA material, and more intricate details or smooth areas are added using resin. Typically, this involves using separate printers, an FDM printer for the PLA and an SLA printer for the resin, with later assembly of the separate pieces. Alternatively, special 3D printed material adhesives or UV-curing resin can successfully attach such parts. Factors like material compatibility, appropriate resin curing time, and the final product’s strength must be accurately considered for successful integration.
Advantages of Integrating 3D Printing Methods
A synergistic effect occurs when an FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) filament-based print technology is combined with an SLA (Stereolithography) resin printer. This poly-modeling technique combines the uniqueness of all methods, thus utilizing all individual strong points. For instance, FDM is suitable for creating durable, functional models and larger structural parts. At the same time, SLA provides unrivaled intricacy with smooth finishes that match the details of intricate designs. Using these techniques simultaneously can also be cost-effective since cheaper filament materials can be used for bulkier parts. At the same time, the more precise and usually more expensive rupees can be reserved for high-detail elements. This method also increases the distinguishable properties of materials used in a singular project, such as blending the pliability of PLA with the inflexibility of a resin, thus providing an alternative to various engineering, artistic, and manufacturing requirements.
Hybrid 3D Printed Modelling: The Best Synthesis Of Fabrication Techniques
One compelling application of hybrid 3D printed models is hybrid modeling approaches for producing functional prosthetics. The durable frame of the prosthetic is made using FDM. In contrast, the finer components like finger joints or intricate connectors, which are demanding in precision and fine finishing, are fabricated using SLA. This hybrid technology is beneficial, especially from both the performance and aesthetic perspectives.
Another application area is aerospace engineering, where lightweight, strong, and impeccable components are hybridly modeled. Out of carbon-filled filament, the primary load-bearing structure can be FDM-made. At the same time, SLA can detail aerodynamic shapes or lattice designs, which are vital in minimizing head weight.
Architectural models also complement hybrid techniques. Typical, FDM is also used to build large structures such as skyscrapers where return on investment due to speed and cost is an important consideration. At the same time, SLA technology enhances the reality of the model by adding realistic curvatures, textures, or detailed ornamentation, which are particularly useful in presentations.
In conclusion, the above examples support the efficacy of hybrid 3d printing in different disciplines for engineers and designers in terms of improved performance and lesser expenditure while maintaining the finer details characteristic of any field.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Do machines that employ resin in 3D printing produce stronger structures than PLA?
A: In most instances, resin is deemed to be more durable than PLA in the context of 3D printing. When compared to PLA, resin prints tend to be more versatile and possess improved use characteristics. Soft and tough resin formulations aid in the improvement of strength formulation when printing specific items. Yes, the strength may vary depending on the specific type of resin used. Some tough resin formulations are specifically developed to have higher tensile strength than conventional filament materials such as PLA and PETG.
Q: What Are The Most Significant Distinctions Between FDM 3D Printers and Resin Printers?
A: Resin printers use curing layers made of liquid resin and the application of ultraviolet light for the curing process as opposed to a heated filament, which the FDM 3D printers employ. The versatility of materials is greater with FDM printers, although featured resolution and surface finishing tend to be higher with resin printers. The working and basic operation of FDM 3D Printers and Resin Printers differ significantly in the printing operations, post-intervention of the prints, and manipulation of the materials being utilized.
Q: How does the layer height of resin compare with the one for filament 3D printing?
A: Compared to filament-based FDM printing, resin printers are known to achieve a better layer height. The average reported lowest layer height for most resin printing is 25 microns, whereas, for FDM 3D printers, it is reported to be around 100 microns. Additionally, the difference in layer height also brings about a difference in detail, with resin prints being more intricate than FDM printers.
Q: Why even use tough resin? Is there a need for it when you have standard resin?
A: It is reported that tough resin has many advantages that a standard resin will not. Some of these include higher impact resistance and durability, making it more flexible. Such resin is great for functional components as it requires the material to have tensile strength and stress-withstanding capabilities. For example, Prusa Tough Resin was specifically designed to self-compete against ABS filament while also maintaining the detail of resin printing.
Q: What considerations should be made when choosing a resin vs filament 3D printer?
A: Some of the factors that need to be considered are: 1. Detail and image quality of the print rendered 2. The longevity and strength of the printed part 3. The time and intricacy that is needed for post-processing 4. Variety and material costs 5. Ventilation and printer size requirements 6. Target purpose (Prototyping, functional/mechanical parts, or designing components) 7. Liabilities (Dealing with liquid resin as compared to filament) Determining material or being a part of 3D printing specific target keywords will aid in determining which printer type is the best suit for you.
Q: How are the printing processes different between Resins and FDM 3D printing?
A: In comparison, FDM 3D uses a plastic filament that is heated and forced through a nozzle, while resin-based 3D printing utilizes resin liquid that is filled into a vat and layered while being cured with UV light. The setting up for a resin printer is more complex as it requires fully submerging the build plate into resin, whereas FDM only requires a three-dimensional print head to be placed. The use logic is also more straightforward as resin printers rely on washing and extra curing to remove leftover resin, while for FDM, it is only a single spray needed to clean out.
Q: Are there additional safety measures to consider when working with resin printers?
A: Yes, printing with resin requires more safety measures than FDM printing. Using nitrile gloves and safety glasses and working in a ventilated area is critical when working with liquid resin. The uncured resin can be irritating to the skin and even the eyes, so it is recommended that any excess resin or cleaning materials be gotten rid of in an appropriate manner. Whenever dealing with UV resin parts or any other chemicals, proper instructions as given by the supplier should always be followed Whenever dealing with parts containing UV resin or other chemicals, I always recommend following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Q: Which gives stronger parts, resin printers or filament printers?
A: In strength tests, parts printed with resin parts so far have had better results with any tough resin combination than parts printed in PLA while being better in tensile strength, impact resistance, and durability. The specific results vary depending on the combination of the resin, and PLA used, and the design of the part being printed, so how the object is designed has a say in it as well. However, it Surprises me that while the resin is stronger overall, there are applications where PLA is still adequate and is generally more user-friendly.
Reference Sources
- Title: Mechanical Properties of PLA-Graphene Filament for FDM 3D Printing
- Authors: José C. Camargo et al.
- Publication Date: April 22, 2019
- Key Findings: This paper studies the properties of PLA-graphene composites intended for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing processes. Graphene inclusion into the composites remarkably enhanced its tensile strength and tensile modulus.
- Methodology: The citation results suggest graphene positively contributes to PLA. This was proven by the authors’ ability to produce PLA-graphene filaments and conduct tensile tests on them physically. These results also seem comparable to a pure EE91 medical grade PLA without any additives, and they serve to validate Bantoin’s findings(Camargo et al., 2019, pp. 1–21).
- Title: Mechanical Properties of PLA-Based Composites for Fused Deposition Modeling Technology
- Authors: S. M. Lebedev et al.
- Publication Date: April 4, 2018
- Key Findings: Prace koncentruje się na badaniu konstrukcyjnych właściwości mechanicznych kompozytów polimerowych na osnowie PLA, uwzględniając wpływ wielu procesów na ich klasy. Wysoko przetworzony polimer PLA można lepiej wytwarzać przy spełnieniu odpowiednich warunków procesowych.
- Methodology: The authors employed an array of processing methods alongside mechanical tests to assess the tensile, flexural, and impact strength of the composites(Lebedev et al., 2018, pp. 511–518
- Title: Comparison of Mechanical Properties of PLA and ABS-Based Structures Produced by Fused Deposition Modelling Additive Manufacturing
- Authors: Koray Özsoy et al.
- Publication Date: November 7, 2021
- Key Findings: This paper evaluates the mechanical characteristics of PLA and ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) FDM-based structures. The results suggest that PLA generally has a greater tensile strength than ABS, which makes it suitable for some applications.
- Methodology: The authors fabricated specimens using both materials and then performed tensile, compression, and bending tests to assess their mechanical characteristics(Özsoy et al., 2021)
- Title: Effect of Non-Acidic Chemical Treatment of Kenaf Fiber on Physico Mechanical Properties of PLA-Based Composites
- Authors: Ankit Manral et al.
- Publication Date: March 18, 2021
- Key Findings: The research focuses on kenaf fiber-reinforced PLA composites chemically treated in certain conditions. The composite materials’ strength, such as tensile and flexural strength, significantly improved after chemically treatment. The chemistry-treated fibers exceeded expectations.
- Methodology: The authors modified the kenaf fibers with sodium acetate and mixed them into PLA. They performed mechanical testing to evaluate the enhancement of the properties due to the treatment(Manral & Bajpai, 2021, pp. 5709–5727)
- Title: Comparison of the Strength of Popular Thermoplastic Materials Used in 3D Printing – PLA, ABS, and PET-G
- Authors: Beniamin Stecuła et al.
- Publication Date: July 19, 2024
- Key Findings: This paper, Exposed to Custom Strain Properties And Compression Film Materials PLA, ABS, And PET-G Are To Be Compared, has a completion for the previously mentioned appraisal. The conclusions state that out of the three materials, PLA exhibits the expected highest tensile strength when compared to the other two materials, which are ABS and PET-G, as to the previous paper.
- Methodology: The authors performed tensile testing on samples printed with each material and analyzed the results statistically to draw comparisons(Stecuła et al., 2024).
- 3D printing
- Polylactic acid
